The Sittingbourne & Kemsley Light Railway is the preserved southern half of the former Bowater's Railway built to move the raw materials for paper making and also the finished products around the mill at Sittingbourne.

Edward Lloyd, the newspaper owner and publisher, built Sittingbourne Mill in 1867 to supply his empire with paper. The railway was originally horse drawn and was centred around the wharf on Milton Creek with lines into storage sheds and the mill. In 1905 the first steam traction arrived in the form of 2 Kerr Stuart 'Brazil' class locomotives - 'Premier' and 'Leader'. The locomotive fleet grew and by the time of the system's heyday there were 14 steam locomotives including 2 fireless engines, plus 1 diesel and 1 battery electric engine.

The mill at Sittingbourne relied heavily on raw materials being brought in by barge. Milton Creek had gradually been silting up and always had a white colour due to the amount of clay and other by products of the papermaking process that were discharged into the creek. By 1913 this, together with the need for a greater volume of raw materials, saw plans for the building of Ridham Dock and Tramway. Building was halted by the First World War, but the tramway and dock were finally finished in the early 1920s. This included a viaduct which, although originally designed as a steel construction, was actually built in reinforced concrete. This viaduct is over ½ mile long and is still in use today, but over the last 10years more than £80,000 has had to be invested on its repair.

The development of the mill at Sittingbourne was restricted by the Southern Railway on one side and the creek on the other. So in 1923 a new mill was built between Ridham and Sittingbourne at Kemsley. At the time this was the largest paper mill in Europe . The railway was eventually a 24 hour a day, 7 day a week operation which maintained a passenger service for mill employees. The 'main line' was 3½ miles long and there was more than 10 miles of track. There was also an internal standard gauge line that branched off the Sheerness line.

The company changed hands on three occasions, passing from the Lloyd family in 1927 to the Berry family, and was finally purchased by the Bowater family in 1936. The Bowater Corporation was still in charge of the mills in 1965 when a study of internal transport was made which concluded that this would be better done by road transport. So in 1969 the railway was handed over to the Locomotive Club of Great Britain's Light Railway Section which became the Sittingbourne & Kemsley Light Railway.

The mills have changed hands on several occasions since and are now owned by M-real, St Regis and Grovehurst Energy. The land that the railway operates over is still owned by the mills but the locomotives and rolling stock were handed over to the trustees of the charity in 2001.